Part 1- Forming to Storming A new team a new start…again.
Hello, and welcome to part 1 of my Team Work Blog.
My name is Ali Howie and I work as Team Lead (West) in MSK Physiotherapy based at the Galloway Community Hospital. I have worked in healthcare for 27years and wow what a journey it’s been, never more so than in 2020.
I have had the opportunity to work in a variety of teams in a variety of Health Boards and business’. Every team and every outcome has been different. But when everything comes together and you achieve your goal, there really is no greater feeling, of achieving something as a group. The lift you get is euphoric, and being able to enjoy that lovely phase of Adjournment, when we can congratulate ourselves, and look back on our journey with a smile, and a feeling of achievement and pride.
Unfortunately, that feeling is not always guaranteed, and there have been many times when the team never performs or reaches its potential. There are various reasons for this which we shall explore in this Blog series. Within Health and Social care, particularly at this time, new teams and new goals are being established. There are a lot of services which are pressing the restart button and maybe, hopefully, looking to redesign our services. The rules have changed with COVID. This means New Teams are forming, and the journey of team development begins.
The one thing I feel is at the heart of good healthcare is Team work, and I truly believe that ‘Team work can make the dream work’. The phrase is attributed to an American- John Maxwell, and is often used but rarely achieved.
He said “Teamwork makes the dream work, but a vision becomes a nightmare when a leader has a big dream and a bad team”.
If we can’t work as a team to provide safe and effective healthcare at a time of need, then we don’t score a goal, and often head home defeated. Worst case scenario, someone gets hurt and patient safety is compromised. Sometimes we have a bad day, but if the team isn’t performing, we have to find out why?
In health and social care we don’t often have the luxury of setting up a completely new team with all the right skills and dynamics. More often we work on upskilling and developing a team to perform. Barriers to team development, such as loss of staff (retirement, maternity leave, new jobs, long term illness, secondment), lack of training opportunities, time restraints, poor strategy and leadership. All these can stop a team from developing, as they don’t work together long enough to reach the performance phase. But, there is lots we can do to make things work.
In 1965 the Psychologist Bruce Tuckman coined the phrase “forming, storming, norming and performing” … describing the 4 phases of team development, and later added the fifth stage of “Adjourning”. This model of how teams develop, is widely used, and follows the stages of development. The goal being to get to the performance stage where a team can work independently and achieve their tasks. A highly efficient team can almost run on its own but still needs to go through the stages to achieve this. How long it takes can vary depending on a number of factors.
In all services not least health and social care, this model can be seen over and over again in all the Teams working simultaneously, 24/7, 365days a year to provide health and social care to our population.
So why am I sharing this with you and writing this blog?
Well, I have recently joined a new team –by being part of the NES nMAHPs digital Leadership course. I am learning leadership skills in the context of digital innovation, and looking at how digital technology can enhance our healthcare systems and efficiencies. The project for this course is to integrate MORSE into MSK Physiotherapy practice. This involved setting up/forming a Super User Team working closely with IT- forming -which is where the Blog comes in.
Will we achieve our team goal of Morse Implementation?
And What will myself and the Team learn along the way?
As part of my course I have to challenge myself to try new ways of sharing information and communicate my learning to the teams I am part of. Writing a blog was one way, I felt I could communicate what I was leaning, to everyone working in D&G. So after much pondering, procrastination and delays (as I am very nervous about writing this) I decided to do a 3-part piece on Team work.
I truly feel it is the most important part of what we do. Particularly in these challenging but exciting times of change on the back of COVID 2020.
I have always loved Team Sports, and in my younger days, was always playing Hockey, like football there are 11 players and a ball with the addition of sticks. There are rules, time limits, penalties and everyone on the pitch has a specific positon or job. If you are not into hockey think of it like football, the beautiful game.
Working in a team in the NHS is just the same as being part of a sports team and it’s a good way of demonstrating how teams work and perform. Refer back to Tuckman’s Model.
Stage 1- Forming: A new team.
When we have a new team it generally begins life in the forming stage. For my Journey I felt a little like someone had packed my suitcase and bought tickets and given me them and off to the airport- not really sure what I was doing where I was going or why I needed half the things in the bag… So initially trying to figure out the purpose of the team was key. You always get a little worried about how well you will gel with the other members of the Team. Keeping an open, positive attitude is really important here. Assumptions and your ladder of inference can impact your initial relationships and perceptions, and be a barrier to progress.
Make sure you Know or have an idea of what the Goal/Purpose of your team is. If we don’t know where we are going, how can we plan the route? So spending time meeting the team and trying to see who has what skills and what skills we needed took a while…On reflection pre planning and more information would have been better but we formed and eventually after discussion decided on task.
Purpose: To implement Morse use in MSK Physiotherapy practice to improve patient safety by real time information sharing.
Stage 2: Storming
Sometimes it is very difficult to get past this stage. Being open honest and learning to trust each other is a key factor here. Understanding each other’s skills and attributes and how these will help achieve the goals/task in hand is crucial. If the Team can’t agree and unite then they can’t move forward. I know in the past, projects have fallen here, as no one takes the steering wheel. If no one is quite sure what is happening and what their roles are. They don’t know who they can trust, and the loud annoying person is rubbing everyone up the wrong way. No one says anything, and the Team Captain does not seem sure of themselves. It turns out that everyone is confused. As the initial stage develop it also turns out that there is very little variation in the team, everyone seems to want to be in charge but no one wants to do the work!!
Luckily for me with this new team there was generally a good variation of personalities and skills. There was a lot of resistance to the task initially, and criticism of the process, which was expected and at this stage good points were highlighted about clarity of communication. It was productive allowing everyone an opportunity to speak and not avoid conflict or disagreement. Ideas come from discussion that is open and honest not closed and narrow. Some members are much quieter, and took time to make their voices heard, as often an extrovert can put an introvert off from being open. This is something I think worked well by allowing and encouraging everyone to have their point of view. So this stage has taken a little longer than I would have hoped, especially with travel restrictions and restart of services. Time is often the most difficult resource to manage, being patient is a key trait as there is no definite timeframe for people to form and Norm. But norming was fast approaching thanks to a number of TEAMS meetings, emails and communication between the Team. Getting to know your team mates is really important.
So after 4 months since initial start of this new Team, we are almost in Norming stages.
Going back to the football analogy I mentioned earlier, I thought it would be fun to think of the scenario of a new football team … Luce United, and think of its relevance to the team/s you/we are part of!!
Here’s a wee story about a Team, A new Team, A football Team – Luce FC. Chapter 1:
Team Development: Luce United (stage 1 and 2)
Luce United have been set up by a group of friends who have recently retired. They had always dreamed of owning a football club and one of the syndicate’s Uncle Sani used to be a football manger- they ask him to set it up and gave him a blank cheque!
Uncle Sani’s been out the game for a couple of years “but nothing much will have changed” he thinks. l’ll call the contacts and get things going, no problem. 3 months later Sani turns up to the stadium and waits to welcome his new team to the first training session.
Eventually 25 men of varying sizes, shapes, ages and nationality turn up. Sani’s’’ friend Jim was a coach with one of the big teams back in the day ( Jaggy Thistle FC), so he had arranged everything and assured Sani it was all in Hand.
5 of the players could not speak English, 3 were injured, 3 had holidays booked so could not stay for the whole session, and no one liked the strip, no one had received the training plan or fixture list and they didn’t know what league they were to play in. Everyone knew of Jim through friends and a couple of them had played together years ago.
After some introductions, it transpired that Jim had signed 3 Goalies, 6 strikers and no Backs or sweepers. So they didn’t have all the skills they needed to play. There was a match arranged for 1 week’s time and half the team were on Holiday and the Manger had also booked a trip away. No one was willing to compromise and cancel their trip and they ran out of time so didn’t make any plans for the next session.
At least they all knew how to play football and all had experience, there was enough players for a team and reserves but they needed to work together to decide who was doing what positions, what training they needed and a proper training schedule.
The following Thursday a second training session was held. 3 folks had not turned up they said it was a shambles, and did not want involved. Some of the players said they should be captain and would sort it out.
What a disaster.
How can Luce United come back to become a Team that will be able to perform.?
Where do you go from here? Luce FC is definitely not off to a good start!
Every team needs a leader to steer the journey, they may not make all the decisions but they need some form of direction. This group had none and when that happens in health an social care it can go badly wrong and at worst end up in patient safety being compromised.
The Tuckman/Leadership model shows how directing and coaching are required in these initial stages to influence the development of the team. Sometimes members of the Team don’t want to be there, it lowers morale and prevents the team being able to rely on each other or develop trust. Negativity and conflict don’t help but regular review and discussion do. We need to ask why teams are not working and constantly review our process’ to improve our understanding of each other. If there is no goalie in the team (a key role) that’s a major problem. This happens a lot in healthcare, where someone in the team is lost or off and is not replaced. The inevitable result will be an own goal or a defeat. Morale becomes low as there is a skills gap, not everyone steps up to help out, mood drops and the established performing team regresses. This can be particularly quick if the team was not performing well before the loss.
I know from my experience in my current journey, understanding the role and complexities of the IT Team has been the most challenging part. There was a large skills and knowledge gap on our part and lack of understanding of the process of coding and digital writing. Once we established a language and translation process we were able to move forward. But new skills take time to acquire. Being patient and recognising your training needs has been a big aspect of our initial stage of development.
We have also lost a couple of team members, so having a slightly larger team to start was beneficial, as we have been able to continue without having to recruit any new members and are still moving forward. In any team it’s important to have flexible skills so not only 1 person is responsible for 1 task, then any loses will not jeopardise the project.
If we look again at Tuckman’s Model, we can try and relate to the initial stages of team development.
What will happen to Luce United?? What will happen with our Morse project??
So after reading part one, I hope you will take some time to reflect about your team and yourself. If you feel your team is not performing, think about the football team – where do you see the problems? and most importantly what are the solutions?? Write them down and bring them up at your next meeting or share your thoughts with a member of the team or team lead. If you are performing, take time to celebrate, congratulate and appreciate the feeling of being part of something that’s fun, effective and gives you a buzz. Share your tips with your networks and influence positive team work within the organisation.
Reflecting without taking action will have no impact on performance.
We can’t control all aspects of a team, staff move on, equipment changes and technology improves but ultimately we need to know what our teams purpose is, what our role is in the team, have the skills to fulfil our role and be able to be flexible and understand everyone else’s roles in the team, so we can fill in, support and cover. Open and honest communication and knowing who is in our team is vital for initial success.
Embrace your Team and although there is no I in team there is a me, and great team work does make the dream work.
Have a very very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year although it won’t be our usual parties with hugs and kisses. But we can wait till next year and keep in mind the need to keep everyone safe and avoid unnecessary risk.
See you in January for Part 2…What will Luce United be up to in 2021?
Alison Howie is MSK PhysiotherapyTeam Lead (West) at Galloway Community Hospital for NHS Dumfries and Galloway